Clozapine-induced dysphagia with secondary substantial weight loss. High dosage of aripiprazole-induced dysphagia. Lin TW, Lee BS, Liao YC, Chiu NY, Hsu WY. Risperidone-induced bulbar palsy-like syndrome. Neuroleptic-induced dysphagia: case report and literature review. 2003 18:274–5.ĭzieas R, Warnecke T, Schnabel M, Ritter M, Nabavi DG, Schilling M, Ringelstein EB, Reker T. Dysphagia associated with risperidone therapy. Effects of newer antipsychotics on extrapyramidal function. Reversible dysphagia associated with neuroleptic treatment. Life-threatening dysphagia following prolonged neuroleptic therapy. Hayashi T, Nishikawa T, Koga I, Uchida Y, Yamawaki S. Dysphagia in drug-induced parkinsonism: a case report. Antipsychotics and oropharyngeal dysphagia in hospitalized older patients. Rudolph JL, Gardner KF, Gramigna GD, McGlinchey RE. An unusual death associated with tranquilizer therapy. Neuropharmacology of second-generation antipsychotic drugs: a validity of the serotonin-dopamine hypothesis. Dysphagia: a rare form of dyskinesia? J Psychiatr Pract. Nieves JE, Stack KM, Harrison ME, Gorman JM. Privilege and discharge decisions for psychiatric inpatients with dysphagia. 2010 32:559.Īppelbaum KL, Bazemore PH, Tonkonogy J, Ananth R, Shull S. A case of schizophrenia with dysphagia successfully treated by a multidimensional approach. Choking incidents among psychiatric patients: retrospective analysis of thirty-one cases from the West Bologna psychiatric wards. 1991 6:2–5.įioritti A, Giaccotto L, Melega V. Dysphagia in psychiatric patients: clinical and videofluoroscopic study. Choking deaths: the role of antipsychotic medication. Ruschena D, Mullen PE, Palmer S, Burgess P, Cordner SM, Drummer OH, Wallace C, Barry-Walsh J. The effect of chlorpromazine on the swallowing function in chronic schizophrenic patients. Deaths from aspiration and asphyxiation in a mental hospital. Associations between chronic diseases and choking deaths among older adults in the USA: a cross-sectional study using multiple cause mortality data from 2009 to 2013. Obstructive asphyxia: a cause of excess mortality in psychiatric patients. Prevalence of dysphagia in acute and community mental health settings. While there is a scarcity of quality evidence in the literature, a thorough history and examination will generally elucidate the predominant problem or problems, often leading to effective management strategies. This paper will provide an overview of common swallowing problems encountered in patients with schizophrenia, their pathophysiology, and management. Iatrogenic problems are mostly related to drug-induced extrapyramidal side effects, including drug-induced parkinsonism, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia, but may also include xerostomia, sialorrhea, and changes related to sedation. Behavioral changes related to the illness are poorly understood and often involve eating too quickly or taking inappropriately large boluses of food. Most swallowing disorders in schizophrenia seem to fall into one of two categories, changes in eating and swallowing due to the illness itself and changes related to psychotropic medications. The death rate from acute asphyxia may be as high as one hundred times that of the general population. They are a source of considerable morbidity and mortality in this population, generally as a result of either acute asphyxia from airway obstruction or more insidious aspiration and pneumonia. Disorders of swallowing are poorly characterized but quite common in schizophrenia.
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